[2] K2 is part of the Karakoram range. One team voted in by compendium owners. It was a Japanese expedition lead by Ichiro Yoshizawa in 1977. One invited team, Evil Geniuses, winner of the first edition. Climbers Seek Answer", "Confessions of Aleister Crowley, Chapter 16", "Amir Mehdi: Left out to freeze on K2 and forgotten", "K2: The End of a 40-Year American Quest", "Climber: 11 killed after avalanche on Pakistan's K2", "Österreicherin bricht nach Tod ihres Gefährten Besteigung von K2 ab", "K2 editorial: end of an era in womens' Himalaya", "K2 north pillar summiteers safely back! [86] It is believed few local people would have gone to where it could be seen. Despite the retreat and tragic end, the expedition has been given iconic status in mountaineering history. It is not visible from Askole, the last village to the south, or from the nearest village to the north. [b] The Tarim sedimentary basin borders the range on the north and the Lesser Himalayas on the south. As the mountain did not have a local name, the name Mount Godwin-Austen was suggested. Nine Russian climbers attempted K2's Abruzzi Spur route. All major climbing routes lie on the Pakistani side, which is also where base camp is located. This page was last changed on 17 October 2020, at 18:39. Team member Thomas Montgomerie called the mountain K2. It is also known as Mount Godwin-Austen or Chhogori. It is located on the China–Pakistan border between Baltistan in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of northern Pakistan, and Dafdar Township[3] in Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County of Xinjiang, China. Windy Gap is a 6,111-meter (20,049 ft)-high mountain pass 35°52′23″N 76°34′37″E / 35.87318°N 76.57692°E / 35.87318; 76.57692 at east of K2, north of Broad Peak,and south of Skyang Kangri. The failures were also attributed to sickness (Crowley was suffering the residual effects of malaria), a combination of questionable physical training, personality conflicts, and poor weather conditions—of 68 days spent on K2 (at the time, the record for the longest time spent at such an altitude) only eight provided clear weather. K2 has always inspired the film-makers, which resulted in a few magnificent films that can be more than a prize for the mountaineers around the world. K2 Dispatch 50 - 8/27/07 In part one of video from summit day, the Team pushes through the "bottleneck" in the pre-dawn gloom and moves up onto the "traverse" in the early morning sunlight. This would eventually become part of the standard route, but was abandoned at the time due to its steepness and difficulty. After trying and failing to find a feasible alternative route on the West Ridge or the North East Ridge, the Duke declared that K2 would never be climbed, and the team switched its attention to Chogolisa, where the Duke came within 150 metres (490 ft) of the summit before being driven back by a storm. K2 (također Mount Godwin-Austen, Lambha Pahar, Chogori, Kechu, Dapsang) je planina na granici Pakistana i Kine, u lancu Karakorum, dijelu lanca Himalaje.S nadmorskom visinom od 8611 metara, poslije Mount Everesta druga najviÅ¡a planina na svijetu. Liliane and Maurice Barrard who had summitted later that day, fell during the descent; Liliane Barrard's body was found on 19 July 1986 at the foot of the south face.[47]. K2 is the second highest mountain in the world, at 8,611 metres (28,251 ft). The team of fourteen climbers was led by, 2011/2012 — Russian expedition. Thomas Montgomerie made the first survey of the Karakoram range. While the name was rejected by the Royal Geographical Society,[7] it was used on several maps and is still used once in a while.[11][12]. It may have been invented by Western explorers. It is located partly in China and partly in Pakistan. [22], Another notable success was in 1982, when a Japanese team climbed from the harder Chinese side of the mountain. [46], The first woman to summit K2 was Polish climber Wanda Rutkiewicz on 23 June 1986. [4] K2 has never been climbed during the winter.[6]. Topographic prominence of a peak is the independence of the summit from whatever is around it. The spur proper begins at an altitude of 5,400 metres (17,700 ft), where Advanced Base Camp is usually placed. K2 is part of the Karakoram range. [23] A corrected measurement was made in 1987, but by then the claim that K2 was the tallest mountain in the world had already made it into many news reports and reference works. The story of the deadliest day on the world's most dangerous mountain, when 11 climbers mysteriously perished on K2. It has the nakedness of the world before the first man â€“ or of the cindered planet after the last. [16] After five attempts the team only made it to 6,525 metres (21,407 ft). The policy of the Great Trigonometrical Survey was to use local names for mountains when possible. Top two teams advance to semifin… At the time he sketched the two most prominent peaks, and called them K1 and K2.[7]. ISBN 9693505239. 14. 2. Three members of the team made it to the summit on 14 August. WATCH: In 2011, mountaineer Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner became the first woman to summit all 14 of the world's 8,000-meter peaks without supplemental oxygen by completing a daring climb of K2… It took fourteen days for them to reach the foot of the mountain. There are a number of routes on K2, of somewhat different character, but they all share some key difficulties, the first being the extremely high altitude and resulting lack of oxygen: there is only one-third as much oxygen available to a climber on the summit of K2 as there is at sea level. Three years later, on 5 July 1986, he reached the summit via the Abruzzi Spur (double with Broad Peak West Face solo) as a member of Agostino da Polenza's international expedition. [3] The name K2 came from the first survey of Karakoram. [13], With the mountain lacking a local name, the name Mount Godwin-Austen was suggested, in honor of Henry Godwin-Austen, an early explorer of the area. The name K2 came from the first survey of Karakoram. [25][27], 40Ar/39Ar ages of 115 to 120 million years ago obtained from and geochemical analyses of the K2 Gneiss demonstrate that it is a metamorphosed, older, Cretaceous, pre-collisional granite. He was part of a 1983 Italian expedition that made the summit. It is now also used in the Balti language, rendered as Kechu or Ketu[10]. This ascent was made by an American team, led by James Whittaker; the summit party was Louis Reichardt, Jim Wickwire, John Roskelley, and Rick Ridgeway. It makes no attempt to sound human. [37][38], Charles Houston returned to K2 to lead the 1953 American expedition. The 1986 K2 disaster refers to a period from 6 August to 10 August 1986, when five mountaineers died on K2 in the Karakoram during a severe storm. We provide integrated solutions to the commercial and institutional building envelope. Many others nearly died in a mass fall but were saved by Pete Schoening. [5] There have been 86 deaths during attempted climbs, according to the list maintained on the list of deaths on eight-thousanders. It is now also used in the Balti language, rendered as Kechu or Ketu[16][19] (Balti: کے چو‎ Urdu: کے ٹو‎). After five serious and costly attempts, the team reached 6,525 metres (21,407 ft)[32]—although considering the difficulty of the challenge, and the lack of modern climbing equipment or weatherproof fabrics, Crowley's statement that "neither man nor beast was injured" highlights the pioneering spirit and bravery of the attempt. ", "Why K2 Brings Out the Best and Worst in Those Who Climb It", "The World's Most Dangerous Peak Beckons", "Climber Lists: Everest, K2 and other 8000ers", "Climbers attempt 'impossible' K2 winter ascent", "K2 remains notoriously savage during winter", Story of the 1902 K2 expedition by Aleister Crowley, who was in the group, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K2&oldid=7150014, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Bonatti and Mehdi survived, but Mehdi was hospitalized for months and had to have his toes amputated because of frostbite. [2], K2 is notable for its local relief as well as its total height. In the early 1900s, modern transportation did not exist in the region: it took "fourteen days just to reach the foot of the mountain". An in-depth video account of my 2014 summit of K2 to raise awareness and research funds for Alzheimer's Disease. Three others were seriously injured. [21], The second success was not until 23 years after the first. [43], The third ascent of K2 was in 1978, via a new route, the long and corniced Northeast Ridge. On 1 August 2008, 11 climbers from several expeditions died during a series of accidents,[50][78] including several ice falls in the Bottleneck. Elite climbers vie to reach the summit of the world's second-highest mountain, K2, in winter. Eight other climbers were killed in the weeks preceding, bringing the total number of deaths that climbing season to 13. It makes no attempt to sound human. It is a consistently steep pyramid, dropping quickly in almost all directions. ", "K2: details on the fight for Vitaly Gorelik", "K2 summit pics and video: Polish climbers on a roll", "New Zealand mountaineer and son feared dead on K2", "First Pakistan team of climbers scale K2 summit", "First All-Female Nepalese Team Summits K2", "Everest Isn't the Only Mountain that Matters", "Vanessa thanks Pakistan govt for help in scaling K-2", "Vanessa O'Brien, John Snorri set record as 12 scale Mt K2", "K2 2018 Summer Coverage: Record Weekend on K2 and a Death", "K2 summiteer Anja Blacha: "More flexible on the mountain without breathing mask, "Vitaly Gorelik Dies On K2 - Alpinist.com", "Climbers Set Off to Be First to Summit World's Most Notorious Mountain in Winter", "Polish Heading to K2 for First Winter Ascent Attempt", "Poland's 'ice warriors' risk life and limb to be first to summit K2 in winter", "K2 remains notoriously savage during winter", "Asia, Pakistan, Karakoram, Baltoro Muztagh, K2, Various Ascents and Records in the Anniversary Year", "Medical Problems in High Mountain Environments. The third is the steep, exposed, and committing nature of all routes on the mountain, which makes retreat more difficult, especially during a storm. Melt waters from vast glaciers, such as those south and east of K2, feed agriculture in the valleys and contribute significantly to the regional fresh-water supply. [14] In 1892, Martin Conway led a British expedition that made it to the Baltoro Glacier. Other local names have been suggested including Lamba Pahar ("Tall Mountain" in Urdu) and Dapsang, but are not widely used. The peak has now been climbed by almost all of its ridges. The K2 Gneiss was exposed as the entire K2-Broad Peak-Gasherbrum range experienced rapid uplift with which erosion rates have been unable to keep pace. [12], The policy of the Great Trigonometrical Survey was to use local names for mountains wherever possible[a] and K1 was found to be known locally as Masherbrum. [31] On the way down, 150 m (500 ft) below the summit, they found Wolf asleep in the snow and persuaded her to descend. It is atoms and stars. As of June 2018[update], only 367 people have completed the ascent. 3. He did so from Mount Haramukh which is 210 km (130 miles) to the south. Later, the K2 Gneiss was then intruded by leucogranite dikes and finally exhumed and uplifted along major breakback thrust faults during post-Miocene time. Directed by Nick Ryan. [20], Finally, in 1954, an Italian expedition made it to the summit. The expedition was led by Ardito Desio, and the two climbers who reached the summit were Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni. K2 is ranked 22nd by topographic prominence, a measure of a mountain's independent stature, because it is part of the same extended area of uplift (including the Karakoram, the Tibetan Plateau, and the Himalaya) as Mount Everest, in that it is possible to follow a path from K2 to Everest that goes no lower than 4,594 metres (15,072 ft), at the Kora La on the Nepal/China border in the Mustang Lo. K2, at 8,611 metres (28,251 ft) above sea level, is the second highest mountain in the world, after Mount Everest at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft). [79] In contrast to the crowds of climbers and trekkers at the Abruzzi basecamp, usually at most two teams are encamped below the North Ridge. The other mountains were originally named K1, K3, K4, and K5, but were later changed to use local names. [5] As of 2011, only 300 people have climbed to the top of the mountain. Rouse was the first Englishman to reach K2's summit. K2 has had a very great number of attempts, the vast majority of which have ended unsuccessfully below the summit and the vast majority of which have not ended in a fatality. The Italian climber Fosco Maraini stated that while the name K2 came by chance, is was good for the mountain. One person dies for every four who reach the top. He concluded that it was: ... just the bare bones of a name, all rock and ice and storm and abyss. Personal Use Snow Plow comes with a 3,000 lb. Films based on K2. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia K2 is the second highest mountain in the world, at 8,611 metres (28,251 ft). [19], Charles Houston tried again in 1953. But it's just the 10th-deadliest mountain in the Himalayas", "A Note on the Chinese Name for K2, "Qogir, "Confessions of Aleister Crowley, Chapter 16", "Amir Mehdi: Left out to freeze on K2 and forgotten", "K2: The End of a 40-Year American Quest", "The Big Question: What makes K2 the most perilous challenge a mountaineer can face? Team member Thomas Montgomerie designated the mountain "K2" for being the second peak of the Karakoram range. For the Korean garment, see, The second-highest mountain on Earth, located on the China–Pakistan border in a region also claimed by India, The most obvious exception to this policy was, 达布达尔乡 地处喀喇昆仑山北麓，与巴基斯坦接壤。{...}境内有世界著名第二高峰乔戈里峰。, Kenneth Mason (1987 edition) Abode of Snow p.346, Booth, pp. [25][26] The K2 Gneiss consists of a mixture of orthogneiss and biotite-rich paragneiss. The last major obstacle is a narrow couloir known as the "Bottleneck", which places climbers dangerously close to a wall of seracs that form an ice cliff to the east of the summit. [87] In mountaineering, when ascending above an altitude of 8,000 metres (26,000 ft), the climber enters what is known as the death zone. Thirteen climbers from several expeditions died in the 1986 K2 Disaster. Other members were scientists, a doctor, a photographer, and others. The ascent is controversial because Lacedelli and Compagnoni established their camp at a higher elevation than originally agreed with Mehdi and Bonatti. Even today, some climbers will end up in Wikipedia, others with their names carved on a plate at the Gilkey memorial for dead climbers near K2 Base Camp. The name K2 is derived from the notation used by the Great Trigonometrical Survey of British India. Also on the expedition were Walter Bonatti and Pakistani Hunza porter Amir Mehdi, who both proved vital to the expedition's success in that they carried oxygen tanks to 8,100 metres (26,600 ft) for Lacedelli and Compagnoni. [33], The next expedition to K2, in 1909, led by Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi, reached an elevation of around 6,250 metres (20,510 ft) on the South East Spur, now known as the Abruzzi Spur (or Abruzzi Ridge). The previous successes had been from the Pakistan side. "[13] It does, however, form the basis for the name Qogir (simplified Chinese: 乔戈里峰; traditional Chinese: 喬戈里峰; pinyin: Qiáogēlǐ Fēng) by which Chinese authorities officially refer to the peak. K2, however, appeared not to have a local name. [20], André Weil named K3 surfaces in mathematics partly after the beauty of the mountain K2.[21]. It is located in the Baltistan region of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan, and the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County of Xinjiang, China. At least 80 people have died trying to climb it. There are a number of routes on K2, of somewhat different character, but they all share some key difficulties, the first being the extremely high altitude and resulting lack of oxygen: there is only one-third as much oxygen available to a climber on the summit of K2 as there is at sea level. 2001; K2: One Woman's Quest for the Summit by Heidi Howkins, ISBN 0-7922-7996-4. Can you explain some of the reasons those people didn’t return? This is the southeast ridge of the peak, rising above the Godwin-Austen Glacier. The summit was first reached in 1954, by Italian climbers Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni. [34], The next attempt on K2 was not made until 1938, when the First American Karakoram expedition led by Charles Houston made a reconnaissance of the mountain. The standard route of ascent, used far more than any other route (75% of all climbers use this route) is the Abruzzi Spur,[75][76] located on the Pakistani side, first attempted by Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi in 1909. Even though the summit of Everest is higher, K2 is a much more difficult and dangerous climb. This ascent was emotional for the American team, as they saw themselves as completing a task that had been begun by the 1938 team forty years earlier. [10] It does form the basis for the name Qogir (simplified Chinese: 乔戈里峰; traditional Chinese: 喬戈里峰; pinyin: Qiáogēlǐ Fēng) which the Chinese government uses as the official name of the mountain. K2 is known as the Savage Mountain as it is very hard to climb. [4] K2 has the second-highest fatality rate among the eight-thousand-metre mountains. [29] In 1892, Martin Conway led a British expedition that reached "Concordia" on the Baltoro Glacier. Group Stage 1. The other peaks were originally named K1, K3, K4, and K5, but were eventually renamed Masherbrum, Gasherbrum IV, Gasherbrum II, and Gasherbrum I, respectively. [15], The first real attempt to climb K2 was in 1902 by an Anglo-Swiss expedition. Four other members made it to the summit the next day, on 15 August. The third is the steep, exposed, and committing nature of all routes on … At that time, the surveyors gave each mountain a simple label of "K" followed by a number. It is considered to be harder to climb than Mount Everest. 2002 Thomas Montgomerie made the first survey of the Karakoram from Mount Haramukh, some 210 km (130 mi) to the south, and sketched the two most prominent peaks, labeling them K1 and K2, where the K stands for Karakoram. The north side is the steepest: there it rises over 3,200 metres (10,500 ft) above the K2 (Qogir) Glacier in only 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) of horizontal distance. Four other members of the team achieved the summit the next day. Footage from July 20, 2007. [74] It being too dark to ascend or descend, Mehdi and Bonatti were forced to overnight without shelter above 8,000 metres leaving the oxygen tanks behind as requested when they descended. [5][6] Also occasionally known as Chhogori, or Mount Godwin-Austen,[7] other nicknames for K2 are The King of Mountains and The Mountaineers' Mountain,[8] as well as The Mountain of Mountains after climber Reinhold Messner titled his book about K2 the same. Then three years later he made the summit again as part of an international expedition. [13] The name Chogori, derived from two Balti words, chhogo ("big") and ri ("mountain") (چھوغوری)[14] has been suggested as a local name,[15] but evidence for its widespread use is scant. It combines documentary footage with dramatized recreations of the events of the K2 disaster, during which – on the way to and from the summit – 11 climbers died during a short time span, creating one of the worst catastrophes in climbing history. K2, however, appeared not to have acquired a local name, possibly due to its remoteness. During the initial collision of the Asia and Indian plates, this granitic batholith was buried to depths of about 20 kilometres (12 mi) or more, highly metamorphosed, highly deformed, and partially remelted during the Eocene Period to form gneiss. Because 75% of people who climb K2 use the Abruzzi Spur, these listed routes are rarely climbed. Almost opposite from the Abruzzi Spur is the North Ridge,[75][76] which ascends the Chinese side of the peak. [23], The first person to reach the summit twice was Czech climber Josef Rakoncaj. It ended in disaster when four members died on the mountain. A team from the Japan Mountaineering Association [ja] led by Isao Shinkai and Masatsugo Konishi [ja] put three members, Naoe Sakashita, Hiroshi Yoshino, and Yukihiro Yanagisawa, on the summit on 14 August. K1 had the local name of Masherbrum which was soon used. There were over 20 attempts from the Pakistani side this year, all of whom survived and of course the successful 3 summits and descents from the Chinese side. 2. Two other women reached the summit later that same day, but died when coming down. The surveyor's mark, K2, therefore continues to be the name by which the mountain is commonly known. The K2 Gneiss is separated from the surrounding sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks of the surrounding Karakoram Metamorphic Complex by normal faults. K2 is known as the Savage Mountain after George Bell, a climber on the 1953 American Expedition, told reporters "It's a savage mountain that tries to kill you. K2 is a mountaineer's mountain—not for dilettantes, nor for affluent "tourist" climbers. On the south and southeast face of K2, the orthogneiss consists of a mixture of a strongly foliated plagioclase-hornblende gneiss and a biotite-hornblende-K-feldspar orthogneiss, which has been intruded by garnet-mica leucogranitic dikes. [26], In 2018, Polish climber Andrzej Bargiel became the first person to ski down K2 after he made it to the top. [35][36], The following year, the 1939 American Karakoram expedition led by Fritz Wiessner came within 200 metres (660 ft) of the summit but ended in disaster when Dudley Wolfe, Pasang Kikuli, Pasang Kitar, and Pintso disappeared high on the mountain. They managed to reach 7,200 metres above sea level (Vitaly Gorelik, Valery Shamalo and Nicholas Totmyanin), but had to retreat due to hurricane-force winds as well as, 2017/2018 — Polish National Winter Expedition led by, This page was last edited on 27 December 2020, at 07:06. It is believed by many to be the world's most difficult and dangerous climb. [17], The next expedition was in 1909. This was in honor of Henry Godwin-Austen who had been an early explorer of the area. Detail K2 stands behind providing quality to their customers and providing innovative features that make our customer’s recreational and outdoor working lifestyles easier. This team made it only to an elevation of 6,250 metres (20,510 ft) on the South East Spur of the mountain. El K2 (tamién conocíu como Chogori/Qogir, Ketu/Kechu, y Monte Godwin-Austen) ye un monte perteneciente al cordal del Karakórum, nel Sistema de los Himalayas que, con 8611 metros, ye'l segundu monte más alta de la Tierra tres el monte Everest (8848 msnm.) The second is the propensity of the mountain to experience extreme storms of several days duration, which have resulted in many of the deaths on the peak. One climber died in the expedition. The try was a failure due to a storm which trapped the team for 10 days at 7,800 metres (25,590 ft). On 31 July 1954, Italian climbers Achille Compagnoni and Lino Lacedelli became the first persons to reach the summit of K2, the second highest mountain in the world after Mount Everest, which had been summited for the first time the previous year. The name K2 is was first used by the Great Trigonometrical Survey of British India. Der K2 (in China offiziell: Qogir, chinesisch ä¹”戈里峰, Pinyin Qiáogēlǐ Fēng) ist mit 8611 m der höchste Berg im Karakorum und nach dem Mount Everest der zweithöchste Berg der Erde. I klättervärlden kallas berget även för klättrarnas berg eftersom det är ett mycket krävande och riskabelt berg att bestiga. [13], The mountain was first surveyed by a European team in 1856. [24], The first woman to reach the summit was Polish climber Wanda Rutkiewicz in 1986. At least 80 (as of September 2010) people have died attempting the climb. 13. The first film on K2 was K2 in 1991 then Vertical Limit in 2000, K2: Siren of the Himalayas in 2012 and The Summit in 2012. source: wikipedia, image: 2rprod.com. Best of 1 round robin group. In 1986, two Polish expeditions summitted via two new routes, the Magic Line[48] and the Polish Line (Jerzy Kukuczka and Tadeusz Piotrowski). [29] Only about 300 people have made it to the top. K2's summit is well above the altitude at which high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), or high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) can occur. [25][28], The mountain was first surveyed by a British survey team in 1856. K2 (baltsky Čhogori, česky Čchokori, urdsky کے ٹو, transliterováno Ke tÅ«, nebo Lambá Pahár, čínsky 乔戈里峰, oficiální přepis Qogir, pinyin Qiáogēlǐ Fēng, český přepis Čchiao-ke-li feng), známá též pod anglickým názvem Mount Godwin-Austen, je hora v pohoří Karákóram v Asii, nejvyÅ¡Å¡í hora Pákistánu a druhá nejvyÅ¡Å¡í hora světa. The second is the propensity of the mountain to experience extreme storms of several days duration, which have resulted in many of the deaths on the peak. At that time, the surveyors gave each mountain a simple label of "K" followed by a number. K2 is a 1991 survival drama film starring Michael Biehn and Matt Craven, directed by Franc Roddam, and written by Patrick Meyers and Scott Roberts, adapting Meyers' original 1982 stage play.It is loosely based on the story of Jim Wickwire and Louis Reichardt, the first Americans to summit the eponymous mountain, with Wickwire and Reichardt being acknowledged in the ending credits. At that time, American Charles Houston took an expedition to the mountain. A Handbook for Medical Officers", Aleister Crowley's account of the 1902 K2 expedition, "Sample of K2 poster product including Routes and Notes", Northern Pakistan—highly detailed placemarks of towns, villages, peaks, glaciers, rivers and minor tributaries in Google Earth, List of ski descents of eight-thousanders, List of climbers summiting all eight-thousanders, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K2&oldid=996548152, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikidata value to be checked for Infobox mountain, Pages using infobox mountain with multiple parameters, Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 1987/1988 — Polish-Canadian-British expedition led by, 2002/2003 — Netia K2 Polish Winter Expedition.

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